Teaching and Learning

Reading

Reading Process (Comprehension, Vocabulary, Connections, & Independent Reading)

• Use text features to make and confirm predictions, explain why not confirmed
• Ask and respond to relevant questions
• Seek clarification and use information/facts and details about texts and supporting answers with evidence from text
• Retell a story’s beginning, middle, and end and determine its central message, lesson, or moral
• Monitor comprehension and make corrections and adjustments when understanding breaks down
• Use prefixes, root words, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words
• Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to determine the meaning of compound words
• Use context to determine the meaning of a new word or multiple-meaning word in text
• Use antonyms and synonyms
• Locate words in a dictionary or glossary to determine or clarify the meaning of words or phrases
• Distinguish meaning among closely related verbs and adjectives
• Recognize that some words have literal and non-literal meanings
• Use conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases
• Connect text to text (text ideas, including similarities and differences regarding information and relationships in fiction and nonfiction)
• Connect text to world (text ideas regarding experiences in the world)
• Read text that is developmentally appropriate
• Produce evidence of reading

Comprehend, Analyze, and Evaluate Fiction, Poetry, & Drama

• Describe the setting, problems, solutions, sequence of events (plot), and big idea or moral lesson
• Describe the main characters in works of fiction, including their traits, motivations, and feelings
• Compare and contrast different versions of the same story with respect to their characters, settings, and sequence of events
• Describe cause-and-effect relationships
• Explain how the story changes based on who is telling the story
• Compare and contrast the differences in points of view of characters and how stories are narrated
• Describe how rhythm, rhyme, and repetition create imagery in poetry
• Use onomatopoeia
• Identify characters, setting, acts, and scenes in plays
• Identify the elements of dialogue and use them in informal plays

Comprehend, Analyze, and Evaluate Nonfiction

• Identify the main idea of sections of text and distinguish it from the topic
• Demonstrate understanding by locating facts to answer and/or ask questions
• Use text features to locate specific information
• Explain common graphic features to assist in the interpretation of text
• Follow written multi-step directions
• ​​Describe connections between and state the order of the events or ideas
• Explain why a text is fiction or nonfiction
• Ask and answer questions to clarify meaning
• Explain examples of sensory details
• Explain main ideas and supporting details
• Describe the connection between events and retell the sequence of events
• Describe the connection between and identify problems and solutions
• Identify the author’s purpose
• Compare and contrast the most important points presented by text on the same topic

Media Literacy

• Explain purposes of media
• Describe techniques used to create media messages
• Identify various written conventions for using digital media

Reading Foundations

Print Awareness

• Understand that sentences are organized into paragraphs to convey meaning

Phonics

• Decode multisyllabic words in context by applying common letter-sound correspondences including single letters, consonant blends, consonant and vowel digraphs,and vowel diphthongs
• Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words
• Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels
• Decode words with vowel diphthongs
• Decode words with vowel digraph
• Read words with common prefixes and suffixes
• Use contractions
• Use common syllable patterns to decode words including r-controlled vowels
• Read irregularly spelled high-frequency words
• Demonstrate decoding skills when reading new words in a text
• K-5 Phonics Scope and Sequence 

Fluency

• Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary

Writing

Writing Process

• Brainstorm and record key ideas using a graphic organizer
• Sequence ideas into clear and coherent sentences
• Generate paragraphs with one main idea
• Create evidence of a beginning, middle, and end
• Address an appropriate audience
• Strengthen writing as needed by revising: main idea, details, word choice, sentence construction, event order, audience, and voice
• Edit for language conventions
• Use a variety of conventional/digital tools to produce and publish writing
• Introduce keyboarding skills

Write Opinion Texts

• Introduce a topic or text being studied, using complete sentences
• State an opinion about the topic or text and provide reasons for the opinion
• Use specific words that are related to the topic and audience
• Use linking/transition words and phrases to signal event order
• Provide evidence of a beginning, middle, and concluding statement or section

Write Informative/Explanatory Texts

• Introduce a topic or text being studied, using complete sentences
• Use facts and definitions to develop points in generating paragraphs
• Use specific words that are related to the topic and audience
• Use linking words and phrases to signal event order
• Create a concluding statement or paragraph

Write Fiction or Nonfiction Narratives and Poems

• Establish a situation/topic based on the student’s experience or imagination
• Introduce a main character and setting
• Develop sensory details
• Follow a logical sequence of events using complete sentences to create a beginning/middle/end
• Use linking/transition words to signal event order
• Use specific words that are related to the topic and audience

Research Process

• Generate a list of open-ended questions about  topics of interest
• Create an individual question about a topic
• Use own question to find information on a topic
• Gather evidence from available sources, literary and informational
• Record basic information from literary and informational texts in simple visual format
• Present and evaluate information in written and oral reports or displays, using previously established teacher/student criteria

Language

Grammar

• Use nouns and pronouns in writing
• Use collective nouns
• Use common irregular nouns
• Use reflexive pronouns
• Use regular verbs
• Use helping verbs with regular verbs
• Use adjectives and adverbs in sentences
• Produce simple declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences

Conventions

• Write legibly (print)
• Use dialogue that contains quotation marks
• Use apostrophes correctly for contractions
• Capitalize weeks, days, months, holidays
• Capitalize abbreviated titles of people
• Spell words using irregular spelling patterns
• Spell and use the plural of nouns by adding –es to nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, or -x
• Use nouns that change their spelling in plural form
• Arrange words in alphabetical order to the second letter

Speaking & Listening

Listening

• Follow classroom listening rules
• Follow three-step instructions, according to classroom expectations
• Demonstrate active listening, according to classroom expectations

Speaking

• Take turns in discussion with a shoulder partner, according to classroom expectations
• Confirm comprehension of read-alouds and independent reading by retelling and asking appropriate questions

Presenting

• Explain a topic (student-chosen or teacher-assigned) while maintaining eye contact with audience
• Recall and tell a story with details, including a beginning, middle, and end
• Use academic language and conventions