Teaching and Learning

Reading

Reading Process (Comprehension, Vocabulary, Connections, & Independent Reading)

• Make predictions based on the cover, title, and illustrations
• Ask and respond to questions 
• Retell main ideas or important facts 
• Connect the information and events of a text to experiences
• Recognize beginning, middle, and end
• Identify and sort pictures of objects into conceptual categories
• Demonstrate understanding of opposites (antonyms)
• Distinguish meaning between verbs describing the same action
• Use a picture dictionary to find words
• Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and respond to texts
• Read independently for sustained periods of time

Comprehend, Analyze, and Evaluate Fiction, Poetry, & Drama

• Identify elements of a story, including setting, character, and key events
• Retell a main event from a story read aloud and familiar stories
• Recognize sensory details and recurring phrases
• Recognize different types of texts
• Name the author and illustrator of a story and describe how each is telling the story
• Compare and contrast adventures of characters in familiar stories
• Ask and answer questions about unknown words in text
• Respond to rhythm and rhyme through identifying a regular beat and similarities in word sounds
• Identify characters in a puppet play or performance by actors

Comprehend, Analyze, and Evaluate Nonfiction

• Identify the topic and details in an expository text heard and/or read,referring to the words and/or illustrations
• Use titles and illustrations to make predictions about text
• Identify text features
• Identify the meaning of environmental print
• Respond to examples of sensory details
• Ask and answer questions to clarify meaning
• Identify basic similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic
• Name the main topic and recall key details of the text
• Ask and answer questions about unknown words in text

Media Literacy

• Identify different forms of media
• Identify techniques used in media

Reading Foundations

Print Awareness

• Identify all upper-and lower-case letters
• Sequence the letters of the alphabet
• Demonstrate that books are read left to right, top to bottom
• Demonstrate that written words are made up of different letters
• Know that a sentence is comprised of a group of words separated by spaces
• Demonstrate one-to-one correspondence between spoken words and written words

Phonemic Awareness

• Identify sounds in spoken words
• Produce rhymes in response to spoken words
• Distinguish orally presented rhyming pairs of words from non-rhyming pairs
• Recognize spoken alliteration or groups of words that begin with the same onset or initial sound
• Blend spoken onsets and rimes to form simple words
• Blend spoken phonemes to form one-syllable words
• Isolate the initial, medial,and final sounds inspoken words
• Segment spoken words into two or three phonemes

Phonics

• Produce and write letter(s) for most short vowel and consonant sounds
• Read high-frequency words
• Blend letter sounds to decode simple word
• Recognize that new words can be created when letters are changed, added, or deleted and use letter-sound knowledge to write simple messages and words
• K-5 Phonics Scope and Sequence 

Fluency

• Read, with support, appropriate texts with purpose and understanding

Writing

Writing Process

• Use pictures, oral language or written letters, and/or words
• Sequence the actions or details through letters, words, and pictures
• Respond to questions and suggestions, adding details to strengthen writing
• Edit by leaving spaces between words in a sentence
• Explore a variety of conventional/digital tools to produce and publish writing

Write Opinion Texts

• Use a combination of drawing and/or writing to tell an opinion about a topic or text being studied
• Give logical reasons for suggesting that others follow a particular course of action or line of thinking
• Use words that are related to the topic

Write Informative/Explanatory Texts

• Use a combination of drawing and/or writing to name and inform about a topic or a text being studied
• Use words that are related to the topic

Write Fiction or Nonfiction Narratives and Poems

• Use a combination of drawing and/or writing to narrate a story or experience the student has had or has imagined
• Tell the reader about a character or personal event
• Place events in the order they occurred
• Use words that are related to the topic
• Provide a reaction to what happened in the events

Research Process

• Generate a list of open-ended questions about topics of class interest
• Decide what sources or people in the classroom, school, library, or home can answer their questions
• Gather evidence from sources
• Use pictures in conjunction with writing when documenting research

Language

Grammar

• Identify naming words (nouns) and action words (verbs)
• Use plural words when speaking
• Express time and space
• Demonstrate the use of complete sentences in shared language activities
• Use question words in sentences

Conventions

• Print in upper-and lowercase letters
• Recognize that a sentence ends with punctuation marks
• Capitalize one's own first and last name
• Capitalize the first word in a sentence
• Capitalize the pronoun I
• Write and name the printed letters that match the sound
• Use inventive spelling with beginning, final, and medial sounds
• Write and name letters for consonant and vowel sounds
• Use correct spelling of one's own first and last names

Speaking & Listening

Listening

• Follow classroom listening rules
• Continue conversation through multiple exchanges
• Follow one-step instructions, according to classroom expectations
• Demonstrate active listening, according to classroom expectations

Speaking

• Take turns speaking, according to classroom expectations
• Continue a conversation through multiple exchanges
• Confirm comprehension by retelling information and asking appropriate questions based on read-alouds or other media

Presenting

• Describe personal experiences using a prop, picture, or other visual aid
• Speak in complete sentences